13 June 2009

Hyderabad, Bhubaneswar and Back



Well, we were away for a vacations, or, that is what we thought. One week at Hyderabad, one week at Bhubaneswar and one week at Mumbai itself.

We reached Hyderabad on the 16th in the afternoon, the day when the reseults for the general elections were declarred. We made the mistake of coming by local train from Secundrabad and had to wait in the station for more than an hour. Not a good decision. We should have taken a taxi.

The election result was sort of status quo at the Centre as well as in Andhra Pradesh and Orissa though with changed equations in alliances. The Central government did not have Lalu, their partner for five years, or Mulayam, who bailed them out with the Nuclear fiasco. It seems that the Yadavs (including the one from Janata Dal (United)) are together when it comes to opposing women representation. Unfortunately, I do not have a good example from the most illustrious Yadava we know - Lord Krishna. Those days women were not rulers. But, Rukmini, still ruled. She was the embodiment of wealth, Godess Lakshmi incarnate.

On way to Bhubaneswar we had some lively discussions with fellow travellers. A couple of them confirmed that the debt waiver is an election gimmik. A co-passenger, who is a small manufacturer, benefited. He had taken some loan showing some agricultural land in his native villagem, which was waived. Despite this, he himself voted for the anti-cooruption crusader Jaiprakash Narayan, who won from Kukatpally in Hyderabad. Cheeranjivi's Praja Rajyam's debacle was not unexpected because of high-handedness in giving tickets by taking money (three crore rupees). In fact, one candidates wife committed suicide as he had mortgaged all land to get this money. Further, Cheeranjivi's personal record in contributing to social welfare in his native village was not good either. Long back he had sold off his land after he requested by people from that this could be used for a school/community centre, he had shown disrespect to one of his teachers and so on and so forth.

The economic downturn had negative impact on our co-traveller's business initially because stocks which were made with inputs purchased at higher prices had to be sold at lower prices. Ater the stocks were cleared in one-two months things are fine because inputs are also cheaper. This gentermal entrepreneur has an interesting story because he was not a sucessful student. After completing schooling he left village for higher studies (Engineering) but the world of English teaching and away from home was totally new and he could not cope up. He returned back and dabbled with odd jobs, took to real estate, gave it up to take up shrimp farming in native village, but heavy losses forced him back to Hyderabad looking for odd jobs and now he is producing aluminium products in two/three manufacturing centres and has plans of further expansion.

On Satyam people think that there is more than what is obvious. Showing profits when company is not doing is a common practise so that one gets funds, but this happening for a continuing period of time when the IT sector was doing well means something is fishy. The Maytas group dabbling with land and the fall in real estate must be a concern. Getting arrested could be a ploy to avoid going to the US where Mr Raju faces other serious charges.

Next day (23rd May) we passed through Chilika. Nerika enjoyed taking a number of snaps; see Chilika Tire. I took Solitude, the cowherd with his catle taking rest from the May heat under the shade of a tree.

On 24th, we went to my school, Stewart School, Unit VIII, Bhubaneswar. Very close to where we stay now. As children when we were stydying there our house at BJB flat was quite far (eight-ten kilometres; not much in Mumbai standards). It was nostalgic, but the camera's memory stopped me from taking a number of pictures.

Nandini had warned that Nerika is going to ask some serious questions; be prepared to answer. Yes, she did. Why is it that Jejebapa and Jejema are not staying in the same house. We were putting up at the Nuapalli house where Nana (Nerika's Jejebapa) was. Bou (Nerika's Jejema) visits this place ocassionally, but stays at the fourth-floor LIC flat, which I happend-to-own. Why is she staying there alone? Is that an old-age home? To add to it she had a plastered leg. I do not know what all questions went through Nerika's mind, but I am not sure whether I have convincing answers for them.

Nerika, however, went with me all the times that we went there and also enjoyed the toys she got from her. Once when Bou came to Nuapalli she also played cards, which Nerika has picked up at Hyderabad while playing with her Tatta-Ammu (the other grand parents). She also played once or twice with her Jejebapa, a serious Bridge player who was not enjoying it as much. The other more serious question she had was about maid servants (see Another Lesson at Bringing Up Momma by Nandini).

On our last day in Bhubaneswar, we taxed Neri taking her all around under the sweltering May heat. The result was that she suffered from indigestion which had an adverse impact on her health for the next week back in Mumbai. It did not do much good because one of my frinds with his family came with us. The extended vaccation fro Nerika as also her birthday celebrations were subdued.

Staying with my friends family was different. At Bhubaneswar we visited them but we never stayed together. This time when we stayed it was different from our days in hostel 20 years ago. Nerika was not well. Nandini was taxed and to add to it I was busy trying to meet some deadlines in office. My friend and his family were also busy. They had come with the expectation of travelling and going out. They did, but we were not part of it. It is time for all of us to get back...

16 May 2009

Congress Comeback and Expectations


The election news in India is that the Congress will come back to power with some outside support. It looks like that this will also be a stable government.

With the monsoon going to set in early, the party has to give greater priority to Agriculture from the beginning. This is where more than half of the people and nearly three-fourths of rural people still depend upon there livelihood. If this is going to be a second term for Dr Manmohan Singh and he wants Mr Rahul Gandhi to be in the cabinet and I think that the latter should take up agriculture. In this sector, the opposition also needs to be involved in a major way. If planned well this has the capacity to address the larger financial crisis. The blueprint of the District Agricultural Plan has a lot of potential but then its implementation at the ground level is tardy.

Two positive and people friendly developments of the last government were the Right to Information (RTI) and the Nationation Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). This has definited translated into votes. These have to be carried forward with more vigour, make NREGA more inclusive (as already indicated by the Right to Food group) and also bring in a comprehensive Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) so that this self-employment programme complements the NREGAs wage employment.

Before I forget, they should initiate immediate steps to free Dr. Binayak Sen. He has been in jail for more than two years now. Then only, Jai Ho!

11 May 2009

India Votes for Loksabha: Phase-V 2009


The last and final phase of elections will end on 13 May 2009. This will take place in 86 constituencies spread across nine states. They are Chandigarh (1), Haryana (4), Puducherry (1), Tamil Nadu (39), Uttarakhand (5), Punjab (9), West Bengal (11), Jammu & Kashmir (2), and Uttar Pradesh (14). As the campaigning ends one feels that the desperation and fractions in the Indian National Congress (INC) and its coalition of the United Progressive Alliance is more visible whereas the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and its coalition of the National Democratic Alliance seems to be comfortable, though they may not get to the magic figure. Nevertheless, one intuitively feels that there are a number of surprises that one would expect. Post-poll arithmetic would be an interesting exercise.

06 May 2009

India Votes for Loksabha: Phase-IV 2009


The fourth phase of elections is on 7 May 2009. There are 86 constituencies spread across eight state going into the polls. They are Bihar (3), Haryana (10), Jammu & Kashmir (1), Punjab (4), Rajasthan (25), Uttar Pradesh (18), West Bengal (17) and the New Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi (8).

In two assembly segments of Nalanda and two of Pataliputra (both in Bihar) the timing for voting is till 3.00 pm only. The battle royal is in NCT Delhi. The patience seems to be running out. People now are eager for these last to phases to get over and the counting to start on 16 May. The indication is that neither the Congress nor the BJP are likely to emerge as strong contenders independently.

05 May 2009

Women Power


Today morning I finished reading My God is a Woman by Noor Zaheer. This is a must read for all those concerned about gender divide in general and that of the Muslim women in particular. After keeping the book aside, as I was still wondering in my thoughts and glancing through the morning newspaper my eyes fell on the story the first three rankers in the civil services examinations are women, 10 among the top 25 are women including Muslims, and overall there are 166 women from 801 candidates that made it. Hats off to all the women and men who made it. Women being on the top three is real good news and we hope that this trend continues and the number of women that make this also increases from the current one-fifth.

Lest we loose sight, the message from Noor Zaheer is that laws need to be constantly formed because people are constantly on the lookout to take advantage of the loopholes. Asking for rights, will always question some status quo and this would be opposed. But this journey is not to put the other side down but to tell them that we are all equal partners. It is a call for equality that all reasonable beings should support. Let us all celebrate this women power.

29 April 2009

India Votes for Loksabha: Phase-III 2009


Tomorrow (30 April 2009) is the third phase of elections. It is being conducted in 107 constituencies spread across 11 states. They are Bihar (11), Gujarat (26), Jammu & Kashmir (1), Karnataka (11), Madhya Pradesh (16), Maharashtra (10), Sikkim (1), Uttar Pradesh (15), West Bengal (14), Dadra & Naagar Haveli (1), and Daman & Diu (1) (see Map).

This phase is special as being in Mumbai, I would also be voting tomorrow. The elections for the ten seats in Maharashtra are those in Mumbai (6) and Thane (4). The Chief Electoral Officer Mumbai has put up helplines for people to find out their booths. The helpline numbers are 2279 3925 and 3219 7767. One can also SMS and get information, the mobile numbers are: 9320 899623, 9320 928504, 9320 948340, 9322 193799, and 9324 376961.

My constituency is Mumbai North West and when I called up I was successful in getting the details of my polling booth (Gurukul Vidyalaya, Ground Floor, Room No.1, General AK Vaidya Marg, Malad (E)). This is close to my place of residence at IGIDR.

I will elaborate a little more about my constituency. There are 21 candidates in the fray. They are: Athar Siddiqui (Bahujan Samaj Party, BSP), Ad.Kamat Gurudas Vasant (Indian National Congress, INC), Gajanan Kirtikar (Shiv Sena, SHS, in alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party, BJP), Aggarwal Rishi Dharampal (Jago Party (JGP), a new party with base in Rajasthan that is against corruption), Abu Asim Azmi (Samajwadi Party, SP), Jadhav Bhikaji Gangaram (Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena), Thakare Shalini Jitendra (Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS), a party formed after splintering from Shiv Sena), Tawade Dilip Narayan (All India Forward Bloc), Pawar Subhash Pandurang (Prabuddha Republican Party), Vaijanath Sangram Gaikwad (Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha) and eleven independents - Anita Ramkrushan Rupawate, Kamble Satish Kisan, Dayanand Nivruti Kamble, Dhotre Maruti Yamnappa, Ninad Manjardekar, Pramod Sitaram Kasurde, Bhatia Ripudaman Singh (a marine engineer), Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Razak Shaikh, Mahadev Limbaji Galphade, Dr. Vijay Bhave (a child specialist), and Santosh Pandurang Chaike.

As a layman one began by thinking that Ad Gurdas Kamat (INC) and Gajanan Kirtikar (SHS) are strong contenders. The former's traditional vote bank may be dented by Athar Siddiqui (BSP)and Abu Azmi (SP) whereas Shalini Thakare (MNS) may dent that of Kirtikar. In fact, an on line poll in Mumbai Mirror for Mumbai Nort West gives more than half the votes to Athar Siddiqui and 15 per cent to Shalini Thakare. For the other five Mumbai constituencies the Mumbai Mirror results are as follows. Dr. Mona Shah (Professional Party of India) and the Banker Meera Sanyal (Indepent) doing well in Mumbai South. Sanjay Nirupam (INC), Shirish Parkar (MNS) and Ram Naik (BJP) are fighting it out in Mumbai North. Priya Dutt Roncon (INC) is ahead of Shilpa Sarpotdar (MNS) who seems to be denting BJP's Ram Jathmalani in Mubai North Central. Shailen Ghosh (Independent) and Shweta Parlekar (MNS) seem to be doing better than Eknath Gaikwad (INC) and Suresh Gambhir (SHS). In Mumbai North East, Shishir Shinde (MNS) seems to be better poised than that of Kirit Somaiya of BJP and Sanjay Dina Patil of Nationalist Congress Party (NCP).

The Times of India's Lead India series indicates that Mumbai North West looks for Mr Clean while highlighting the candidatures of Kamat, Kirtikar, Azmi and Thakare. On line voting of issues by Mumbai Votes identified corruption, terrorism, public transport, disaster management and environmental protection. Based on the Manifesto and promises of the contenders, Rishi Aggarwal of JGP seems to be the real Mr Clean.

In Mumbai North West, five candidates have provided their profile in websites and four of them have a group in facebook in their support. They are Rishi Aggarwal (FB group), Abu Azmi (FB group), Shalini Thakare (FB group), Ripudaman Bhatia (FB group), and Dr Vijay Bhave.

A broad reading at this stage is that MNS is going to give a run to BJP-Shiv Sena combine in the city. If only they would not have cultivated an anti-North Indian image they would have been a force to reckon with. There is a mood for change and there are going to be some major surprises. The dampener is that with a holiday being declared tomorrow, followed by labour day May 1st and the weekend many people might have taken a break and gone out of the city. Nevertheless, my word is that INC-NCP and BJP-SHS better watch out!

24 April 2009

Hunger and Undernutrition


The July 2008, id21 insights, issue # 73 is about Improving the nutritional status of women and children. The editorial begins by reminding us that a high global food prices would make large proportions vulnerable in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Even in the absence of rising food prices there was an increase in child undernutrition indicating that income growth is not the answer for all ills.

Despite the understanding that reducing child undernutrition (particularly that of the adolescent girl) is paramount in addressing a number of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), one wonders Why is undernutrition not a higher priority for donors? Andy Sumner, Johanna Lindstrom and Lawrence Haddad point out that one-third of the children in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia are undernourished. What is more, the proportions are increasing in the former. In prioritizing undernutrition they suggest the following. The community of research institutes in nutrition, think-tanks and international Non-Governmental Organizations should put up a strong case. There isa a need to link undernutrition to a failure of governance. The proportion of children underweight could be a more potent measure than poverty.

Nicholas Alipui suggests that Strong public-private sector partnerships can help to reduce undernutrition. There is a clear need for well-focused and strategic partnership between the private and public players. There is scope with regard to Ready-To-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTFs) for six plus months children suffering Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM). However, care should be taken to note that this should be not be considered as a substitute for breast feeding, as is being marketed by some private players. Two other related papers in this are that of Community-Based Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition, A Joint Statement by the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme, the United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), 2007, and Infant and Young Child Feeding and Care by the UNICEF.

The success of salt iodisation has helped reduce iodine deficiency disorder like cretinism, mental retardation and premature birth in 70 per cent of the population as against 20 per cent in the early 1990s. Other related documents in this are Micronutrients - Iodine, Iron and Vitamin A and a 2004 Copenhagen Consensus Challenge Paper Hunger and Malnutrition by Jere R. Behrman, Harold Alderman and John Hoddinott.

In The price of hunger: The relationship between poverty and food intake David Mepham indicates that undernutrition is a symptom and cause of poverty. Halving people with less than one dollar a day would go a long way but it should also be complemented with halving the number of people suffering from inadequate food consumption. Income poverty and inadequate consumption are related and particularly so in large parts of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia where average per capita per day returns turn out to be less than the cost of a healthy diet. Poor diet can impair growth and development affecting achievements in schooling and productivity in adulthood and thereby extending deprivation to the next generation. Thus, undernutrition and poverty need to be tackled together and also complemented with nutrition education.

"Malnutrition concerns not enough food, too much food, the wrong types of food, and the body's response to a wide range of infections that result in malabsorption of nutrients, or the inability to use nutrients properly to maintain health. Clinically, malnutrition is characterised by inadequate or excess intake of protein, energy, and micronutrients such as vitamins, and the frequent infections and disorders that result" (World Health Organization).

In Africa, 30 per cent of children are malnourished because of low birth weight and growth faltering in the post-natal period. John Mason and David Sanders indicate that The persistence of child malnutrition in Africa worsens during droughts, conflicts, economics crisis and HIV epidemic. Accelerating globalization is affecting poor farmers. Removal of tariffs income support to farmers in developing countries would increase export opportunities for poorer farmers. Improvements in child nutrition would augur well for reducing child mortality, morbidity and enhancing intellectual development. These are further elaborated in the Impact of Drought and HIV on Child Nutrition in Eastern and Southern Africa and Community Health and Nutrition Programs in Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries 2nd Edition, edited by Dean T. Jamieson et al, 2006.

The poor Nutrition for mothers and children by Isatou Jallow is in contravention with Article 25.2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Right by which motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistances. Non-exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months is an important risk factor for child mortality and disease burden. Maternal short stature and iron-deficiency anaemia that account for one-fifth of maternal mortality can be attributed to poor nutrition. The World Food Programme can address these concerns while also conveying to communities that (i) child care is not the sole responsibility of women, (ii) improving mother and child nutrition will have positive impacts on the whole society and (iii) there is a need to link mother-child nutrition programme with school feeding and other such programmes to advocate the relevance of nutrition thought an individual's lifecycle. A suggested reading is Halving Hunger: It Can Be Done.


Barbara Macdonald raises the question Why have donors committed so few direct investments to eliminate child undernutrition? Despite some encouraging new initiatives, the constraints identified are (i) the lack of effective coordination amongst the key international and state organisations responsible for reducing undernutrition, (ii) gaps in evidence about the impacts of nutrition interventions, including rigorous evaluation of current programmes, and (iii) the daunting challenge of insufficient trained people to design, implement and evaluate programmes. It also brings into focus two recent publications. (1) 'Maternal and Child Undernutrition Series', The Lancet 371, edited by R. Horton, January 2008, (link for registered users). (2) Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies Technical Situation Analysis: a Report for the Ten Year Strategy for the Reduction of Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies', Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 28(1) supplement 2, edited by T. Sanghvi, M. van Ameringen, J. Baker and J. Fiedler, 2007, (link for registered users).

The most important question is What can be done to accelerate progress against undernutrition? Ricardo Uauy drawing from his coauthored paper Effective International Action Against Undernutrition: Why has it Proven so Difficult and What can be Done to Accelerate Progress? in The Lancet suggests four areas. (1) Stewardship and guidance: International organisations must work together to create evidence-based simple, consistent and prioritised guidance. (2) Aid and investment: Increase aid for direct nutrition intervention and better target the neediest group. A case of comparison is that though Disability Adjusted Life Years from undernourishment would be similar to that from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), aid to latter is almost 20 times greater. (3) Direct service provision: During disasters and conflicts impact of nutritional intervention programmes need to be documented and evaluated for their efficacy (including cost-effectiveness). These will create operational standards as also better coordination mechanisms to improve emergency response. (4) Strengthening resources: To address the shortage of skilled personnel funding need to re-orient training and research to more programme-relevant topics to help increase nutrition interventions.

The issue also provides some useful links of:

Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition – GAIN

Micronutrient Initiative

Save the Children

School Feeding global website

Towards 4 + 5 - Research Programme Consortium on Maternal, Newborn and Child Health

UNICEF - United Nations Children's Fund

United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition

World Food Programme